Pakistan is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries, with rising temperatures, altered precipitation patterns, and an increase in frequent extreme weather events.
There has been a sharp increase in floods and heatwaves in Pakistan over the past decade, which is a
huge threat to the economy, infrastructure, and human lives of Pakistan.
Causes of Climate Change in Pakistan
Pakistan’s climate and geography expose it to natural disasters. But human activities like deforestation,
the consumption of fossil fuels, and industrial activities have only worsened the situation. The use of fossil fuels as a source of energy and transportation within the country has caused a large jump in greenhouse gases, hence global warming.
Floods in Pakistan
Floods are a perennial issue in Pakistan, with the nation having been hit by severe floods in 2010, 2011, 2014, and 2022. The 2010 floods were especially tragic, impacting more than 20 million people and resulting in extensive damage. The 2022 floods have also had a tremendous effect, with millions of people having been displaced and thousands of houses ruined.
Causes of Floods
The primary reasons for floods in Pakistan are:
Poor infrastructure:
The infrastructure of Pakistan, such as dams and levees, tends to be poor or poorly maintained and is
susceptible to flooding.
Heavy rainfall:
Pakistan has heavy rainfall during the monsoon season, which can result in flash flooding.
Glacial lake outburst floods:
Glaciers in the northern part of Pakistan melt and cause glacial lakes to overflow, resulting in catastrophic floods.
Impact of Floods
Floods immensely affect the economy, infrastructure, and human lives of Pakistan. Floods do the following damage:
- Loss of life:
Floods can be fatal in nature, and human beings lose their lives while drowning, electrocution, or snake bites. - Displacement:
Floods may displace millions of people, who have to abandon their homes and sources of livelihood. - Infrastructure damage:
Floods can destroy roads, bridges, and buildings, hindering economic activity and resulting in high
economic losses.
Heatwaves in Pakistan
Heatwaves are increasingly becoming a frequent occurrence in Pakistan, with the nation witnessing
extreme heatwaves in recent years. The heatwaves have severely impacted human health, with thousands
of individuals losing their lives due to heat-related complications.
Causes of Heatwaves
The major causes of heatwaves in Pakistan are:
- Global warming:
Rising global temperatures are causing more frequent and intense heatwaves. - Urbanization:
Built-up environments absorbing and storing heat through the urban heat island effect may aggravate heatwaves.
Impact of Heatwaves
Heatwaves significantly affect human health, especially among sensitive groups like the elderly and very young children. The effect of heatwaves is:
- Heat-related illnesses:
Heatwaves can lead to heat-related illnesses, such as heat exhaustion and heatstroke.
- Mortality:
Heatwaves are fatal, and thousands of individuals lose their lives due to heat illnesses
Solutions to Climate Change
Pakistan must implement a multi-pronged strategy to overcome the effects of climate change, which includes:
- Renewable energy:
Pakistan must shift to renewable energy sources like solar and wind power to decrease dependence on fossil fuels. - Disaster preparedness:
Disaster preparedness and response systems in Pakistan must be enhanced to reduce the effects of floods and heatwaves. - Climate-resilient infrastructure:
Climate resilient infrastructure, such as dams, levees, and buildings, must be invested in by Pakistan in order to avoid floods and heatwaves. - Climate education:
Pakistani citizens must improve their knowledge of climate change and its effects, as well as receive
training for climate-resilient practices.
Conclusion
Climate change is a major threat to Pakistan, with the country witnessing increased and intensifying floods and heatwaves. In response to the effects of climate change, Pakistan should adopt a proactive strategy that involves a shift to renewable energy, enhancing disaster preparedness, spending on climate-resilient infrastructure, and sensitizing its population to climate change. Through these measures, Pakistan can limit the effects of climate change and construct a more sustainable future for its people.
Recommendations
- Formulate a national climate change policy: Pakistan needs to formulate a broad national climate change policy that details the vision, objectives, and plans of Pakistan for responding to climate change.
- Invest in climate-resilient infrastructure: Pakistan needs to invest in climate-resilient infrastructure like dams, levees, and buildings to shield against floods and heatwaves.
- Encourage use of renewable energy: Pakistan must encourage the utilization of renewable forms of energy, like solar and wind power, to slow down its usage of fossil fuels.
Improve disaster preparedness.
Pakistan must improve its mechanisms for disaster preparedness and response to try to minimize the
effects of floods and heatwaves.
Through these initiatives, Pakistan can minimize the effects of climate change and ensure a more sustainable future for its people.
